Ultrasound therapy: the medical profession has been a long time ago the ultrasonic vibration of the physiological role of mechanical treatment and diagnostic use in many off areas in the frequency range of between about 1 ~ 30MHz. For example: the role of the ultrasonic mechanical vibrations for medical care, referred to as “ultrasound therapy“; using ultrasonic energy implanted medical behavior of organisms is “free penetration of ultrasound treatment”; and “ultrasound diagnosis” is the ultrasound scan as part of the organism in order to detect pathological changes. If needed, ultrasound can also be mixed with other different currents, not only can easily detect the organism tissue sensing area, can also be used for the treatment of fixed-point.
Ultrasound therapy – What is ultrasound?
Daily life, we often hear “sound waves” in this term. But it does not quite understand. In fact, any object is a kind of vibration of the sound source, through different forms may also be presented. Simply put, “Sonic” is a flexible medium of mechanical vibration. Generally, we can hear the sound wave frequency is about 20Hz ~ 18,000 Hz per second, the vibration frequency, known as sub-sonic, sonic vibration if the frequency is higher than 20,000 Hz, is referred to as “ultrasound.”
Ultrasound therapy – the application of ultrasound in medicine
Medical ultrasound has long ago on the physiological role of the mechanical vibrations used in many therapeutic and diagnostic areas in the frequency range of between about 1 ~ 30MHz. For example: the role of the ultrasonic mechanical vibrations for medical care, referred to as “ultrasound therapy”; using ultrasonic energy implanted medical behavior of organisms is “free penetration of ultrasound treatment”; and “ultrasound diagnosis” is the ultrasound scan as part of the organism in order to detect pathological changes. If needed, ultrasound can also be mixed with other different currents, not only can easily detect the organism tissue sensing area, can also be used for the treatment of fixed-point.
Ultrasound therapy – ultrasound beauty on the application in medicine
Past two decades, medical field have begun to notice the physiological role of ultrasound on the thermal effect of mechanical vibration effects, and other instruments is not easy to achieve penetration. Because ultrasound can penetrate deep into tissue, into heat, and with high efficiency deep massage. For example: ultrasonic beauty devices, ultrasonic body sculpting instrument.
- The biological effects of ultrasound
- The role of ultrasound treatment device map
- Ultrasonic absorption and thermal effect theory
When the mechanical ultrasonic energy through the body tissue, the tissue will absorb energy and produce biological effects, because the tissue will absorb the ultrasonic energy to produce change. The so-called “penetration depth” is the maximum depth of a sustainable effect. Studies have shown that ultrasound used in the tendon and bone, the energy absorption coefficient is maximum.
The performance of ultrasound
Although the effectiveness of ultrasound effects ultrasound study continues, but the application of biological organization, has been know for sure there are many effects. Ultrasound is the initial fine “mechanical treatment” form. Either research or clinical practice, have proven mechanical energy can be converted to thermal energy, which is the importance of the role of ultrasound machines. Back fifty years ago, Portman (Pohlman) pointed out that the characteristics of 3MHz ultrasound compared with mechanical effects, due to its surface tissue layer, apparently has a higher ultrasonic energy is absorbed, reduce the pain of deep tissue ( Please refer to Table 5, Table 6).
Table 5 half-value depth of the various media (D1 / 2): This table details the most important values.
1 MHz 3 MHz
Skin 11.1 mm 4 mm
Cartilage 6 mm 2 mm
Air 2.5 mm 0.8 mm
Tendon 6.2 mm 2 mm
Muscle tissue 9 mm 3 mm vertical sound beam and muscle tissue
Adipose tissue 50 mm 16.5 mm
Water 11500 mm 3833.3 mm
Table 6 some of the media penetration depth table
1 MHz 3 MHz
Skin 37 mm 12 mm
Cartilage 20 mm 7 mm
Air 8 mm 3 mm
Tendon 21 mm 7 mm
30 mm 10 mm of muscle tissue and muscle tissue vertical sound beam
Adipose tissue 165 mm 55 mm
Water 38330 mm 12770 mm
Mechanical action
Ultrasound in the tissue of the first role of its “mechanical properties.” In addition to the vacuum, ultrasound in different media, will produce different deformation, therefore, at the same frequency of vibration, the ultrasound will have a stretch in the organization changes, like massage, like, so its mechanical action can be called “micro-massage.”
In treatment, micro-massage is very important, because all the efficacy of ultrasound, is by “mechanical effect” generated. In other words, by continuous and pulsed ultrasound energy to stimulate and change the number of cells, cell membrane permeability changes with the organization, and enhancing biological metabolism.
The role of thermal efficiency
Recorded in the literature, the organization will have a micro-massage friction heat of ultrasound energy. In different organizations, will produce different heat, and heat generation, mainly in bone, cartilage, tendon and skin.
Lehman (Lehmann) that, with stubborn degree 1W / cm 2 of continuous ultrasound to stimulate the muscle tissue when the body temperature of 0.07 degrees Celsius per second will increase, but also in the soft parts, the temperature increase will be less than the case of deep joint organization.
Ultrasonic field of energy, will head the activities with hyperthermia reduced the effectiveness of its variability. And the heat produced mainly in the bone tissue, cartilage, tendon and skin.
Ultrasonic beam is almost parallel, so the effective radiation area (ERA) and hyperthermia are also big head slightly parallel to the state. If want to use the thermal efficiency to treat tissue disease and have good results, you can use the “continuous” and ultrasound treatment. Because it can give patients maximum comfort and minimum heat sense.
If you use more than 2 W/cm2 continuous ultrasound treatment, high levels of stubborn degrees, in order to maintain the body temperature continues, blood circulation will increase significantly. Similarly, a lower degree of stubborn, too, can improve the circulation rate. Ultrasound treatment in the importance of the thermal effect has a different assessment. Many diseases will hinder circulation and the body will not disperse the heat generated ultrasound. This will form the body temperature increases, the resistance to disease is very effective.
In cases of acute injury, such as ankle sprains, heat and mechanical ultrasound stimulation for the rehabilitation of vascular tissue is very effective. Thus, cases like this, before the local application of ultrasonic treatment, etc. should be 24 to 36 hours after the be appropriate. From the perspective of rheumatoid arthritis, doctors have warned us that heat generated in the arthritis, the joints will have a harmful effect within the organization, especially in articular cartilage. In the hyaline cartilage in the collagen fibers are destroyed, the collagen fibers from the inferior replaced by. After the enzyme to join the process, they form a joint of the damage. In this process of joint disorders is the most obvious inflammation of the joints (arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis and common, they often have the characteristics of periostitis). Therefore, Lehman noted that in some physiological processes of development, how to increase the temperature is a very important factor.
Biological effects
The biological effects of ultrasound, in fact, through the human body for mechanical and thermal effects of a physiological response.
- The role of the biological effects of ultrasound map
- Biological effects of ultrasound research
- Improve blood circulation
Causes are: absorption of continuous, pulsed ultrasound energy to produce thermal efficiency, the blood vessels to dilate. Mechanical vibration will stimulate the tissue, so tissue relaxation, the formation of blood vessels to dilate.
Baker (Becker), Portman, Law it (Lota) and other scholars have confirmed, if only partial use of stubborn degree 1W / cm 2 of continuous treatment, increase blood circulation and skin, muscle temperature rise, and chiropractic The results will increase the skin’s circulation.
Muscle relaxation
Ultrasonic mechanical vibrations to stimulate tissue, resulting in muscle relaxation. However, ultrasound is also likely to directly stimulate the nerve fibers, resulting in sympathetic nerve activity is suppressed resulting muscle relaxation results.
Increase the permeability of cell membranes
Ultrasound can increase the permeability of cell membranes. Found by experiment, continuous, pulsed ultrasound, the secretion of fluid will be forced into the cell membrane organization, change the free concentration of the results, leading to cell stimulating change, to enhance the physiological process of the exchange reaction.
In these experiments also confirmed the acid effect of ultrasound. This is because the cycle of changes in tissue fluid, it is less than the acidic PH value. Usually attending in rheumatic inflammation (soft tissue rheumatic pain).
Enhance the tissue regeneration ability
In different tissues, ultrasound can enhance the regeneration process. Dyson (Dyson) and Pound (Pond) in the rabbit ear small trauma narrative that ultrasound treatment can produce an artificially induced (artificially-induced) effects, this drug’s efficacy and effectiveness of the same. Study found that in the electron microscope, ultrasound machines can see the power of the free movement of particles generated by the case.
The efficacy of peripheral nerve
The study shows that if subjected to stubborn degree 0.5 ~ 3 W/cm2 of continuous ultrasound on peripheral nerve conduction velocity will be significantly affected. The main reason for this change is due to the effect caused by ultrasound diathermy. If the ultrasound with a high degree of stubborn, will produce a conductive zone, which also confirmed the efficacy of nerve tissue on the ultrasound sensitivity.
The efficacy of continuous ultrasound study found, such as stubborn with 2 ~ 3 W/cm2 ultrasound degree in sciatic nerve treatment for 5 to 10 minutes, the axons of nerve fibers (axon) cylinder will cut off the nerves swell. In contrast, if stubborn degrees with a low (0.25 ~ 0.5 W/cm2) to treatment, showing myelin (myelin sheath) almost did not because there is repeated use of the more serious changes.
Ultrasound can also be an effect in the central nervous system, which is derived from an increase in blood serotonin (Serotonin) relief factors, but its importance is still unclear.
- Ultrasound treatment technique
- Hyperthermia head moves
Straight Guardian shift method: repeated use of several centimeters straight event of trouble moving method, to maintain uniformity of treatment.
Rotating shift method: repeated cycles, will form a spiral movement.
Both of these methods is called “semi-static method” (Semi-stationary method). Although the mobility of these two methods are very slow, but its continuous operation is necessary, especially for some small parts can be related to treatment, such as scarring and tendon some parts and so on.
Stubborn degree
Stubborn degrees, with W/cm2 symbol. In the use of stubborn degree point of view, scholars advocate the factions are very different. In theory, for the treatment of multi-frequency between the 1 ~ 3MHz, because 3MHz ultrasound, can have a greater absorption and mechanical effects. In short, if after treatment headache, dizziness, fatigue or other autonomic nervous system response, the subsequent treatment should be a lower degree of stubborn. In general, the use of ultrasound should be low degree of stubborn little better
Treatment time
Treatment time as the physical size of the treated area. Lehman will be fixed at the maximum treatment time of 15 minutes, and he think that the greatest treatment site 75 to 100 cm2, in this context can be a reasonable treatment. Of course, in this respect the effective radiation area of ??the first hyperthermia (ERA) is also very important, if the treatment site is not available when semi-static treatment of a few minutes 3 to 5 minutes); If the treatment area is large, the use of dynamic treatment, and added a long time, but not more than 15 minutes.
Acute trauma, how to apply and start treatment
In acute trauma, usually in 24 to 36 hours after injury to proceed with treatment. In addition to therapies such as low temperature, pulse and other objects shortwave therapy treatment techniques used, can damage parts of the treatment area with indirect ultrasonic methods to improve the treatment area can effect the cycle. Drama acute pain treatment should be imposed on every day; less severe chronic pain, it should be treated every 2 to 3 times a week.
Treatment
Ultrasonic treatment is widely used. In physical therapy, it contains almost all the possible conditions encountered, but usually must be taken into account is the “time” and “stubborn degree.”
Time: each treatment, more than the maximum treatment time is set to 15 minutes.
Stubborn degree: must decide the degree of stubborn question is: what degree is stubborn patients most in need of organization. This use of half-value depth (half-value depth) in the treatment of body surface to be stubborn-degree assessment. But also on the depth of penetration to determine whether the treatment site to achieve the desired effect. If the required degree of stubborn surface becomes too high, it will generate in excess of epidermal tissue dose, especially in the subcutaneous connective tissue, adipose tissue and muscle layer of the epidermis, in particular.